Heating and ventilating system for incubators.



No. 7l6,fi52. Patented Dec. 23, I902.

a. a. ADAMS. HEATING AND VEN'HLATING SYSTEM FOR INDUBATORS.

(Application filed July 31, 1902 '2 Sheets- 5M I.

(No Model.)

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Patented Dec. 23, I902.

. ,a. m Aums. I HEATING AND VENTILATHIG SYSTEM FOR INDUBATORS.

A ucamn filed. July st, 1902.:

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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1 UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE E. AnA s, or HiA' ATHA, KANSAS.

HEATING AND VENTILATiNG SYSTEM FOR INCUBATORS.

srncrrrcnrrolv forming part of Letters Patent No. 716,652, dated December 23, 1902.

re eats filedlllily 31, 1903',

' Serial in. 117,883. (No model.)

To aZZ whont it may oonocrni Be it known that I, GEORGE R. ADAMS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hiawatha, in the county of Brown and State of Kansas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating and Ventilating Systems for Incubators; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to a heating and ventilating system for incubators.

The object of the invention is to provide.

means whereby a relatively large volume of warm air in place of a smaller volume of in-" tensely-heated air may be supplied to the eggchamber, so that enough moisture will be carried in by the air to cause an equal degree of humidity between the inner and outer air, thus obviating the necessity of supplyingmoisture; and a further object is to provide means for circulating the heated air first into the corners and then to the center of the egg-' chamber, so as to secure uniform heating of said chamber.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an air-heating drum which obviates the use of an asbestos jacket, efiects the equable heating of a large quantity of air, and prevents any mingling of the fumes and products of combustion from the lamp withcal section of the heatingdrum.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, the numeral 1 represents the incu bator-casing, provided with a horizontal partition 2, forming a top heating-chamber 3, in which is located a drum 4, said drum being arranged above a central opening 5, formed in said partition. Below the partition is arranged an asbestos diaphragm 6, which is separated a sufficient distance from said partition to provide an intermediate circulating or distributing space 7 for the heated air, and in said partition, at or near the corners of the casing, are formed openings 8, constituting ports or passages through which, passes the heated air from the drum and flowing through the space 7 is caused to pass downward into the egg-chamber 8 at the corners of the same, and thence to flow toward the center of the same downward through the nursery-cloth 9, and finally to discharge through a central escape-port 10, formed in the bottom wall of the casing. By this construction it will be seen that heated air supplied to the drum 4: will be caused by the diaphragm 6 to spread outward from the center toward the sides and ends of the casing and then to pass downward into the corners of the egg-chamber and from said corners to flow toward the center of the chamber, thereby causing a uniform circulation of the heat and at the same time preventing the egg-chamber from becoming cold at one or more corners, as is the case in incubators of ordinary construction where the heat passes directly downinto all parts of the egg-chamber.

The air supplied to the drum 4 is heated by a heating device arranged upon the exterior of the casing, which device comprises a drum formed of an outer cylindrical shell 11, open at the bottom and closed at top, said shell having arranged therein an internal drum or flue-l2 offlaring formation, the lower end of said flue 12 being of materially less diameter than the lower end-of the shell 11, and said line then gradually increasing in diameter until it conforms at its upper end to the internal diameter of the shell 11, thus forming a flaring gradually-contracting space or passage 13 between said shell and flue for the discharge of the fumes and products of combustion from the lamp, as hereinafter described. As stated, the upper end of the shell 11 is closed, and the lower end of the passage 13 is also closed to prevent the discharge of the heat and products of combustion at that point and to cause them to circulate upward again in order to utilize the heat from the products of combustion to the greatest extent to obviate any liability of cooling of the outer shell or casing 11.

Arranged within the drum or flue 12 is a double drum or fine 14:, consisting of two concentric tubes 15 and 16, connected at their upper ends by a top wall 17, thus forming a central flue 18 for the passage of the fumes and products of combustion from the lamp and an intermediate flue 19, closed at top by the part 17 for the circulation of the air which is to be heated. The flue 18 receives the upper end of the chimney or flue of the lamp 20, which latter is provided with wires or rods 21, having hooked ends which fit into apertures in the lower end of the casing 11, whereby the lamp is supported. The fumes and products of combustion from the lamp pass upward through the flue 18 and from the upper end of said fine into the space or passage be tween the outer wall of the double flue l4 and the inner flue 12, thence downward through said space, thence into the space between the casing 11 and said inner flue through ports 22 in the lower end of the latter, and finally upward through the said space and discharged to the atmosphere through ports 23, formed in the upper end of the casing 11. The fresh air passes upward through the space or passage 19 of the double central drum 1-1 and out through a conducting-pipe 24, communicating with the upper portion of said drum and leading therefrom to the drum 4E. By this construction it will be seen that the fumes and products of combustion from the lamp are caused to take a circuitous course, first upwardly through the central space or passage of the double drum, thence downwardly through the space or passage between said drum and the inner drum, and finally upwardly and out through the space or passage between said inner drum and the outer casing 11, whereby all the available heat is utilized and the necessity of employing an outer jacket of asbestos obviated, as the outer currents of heated products warm the internal walls of the heater sufficiently to prevent the cooling of said walls under variations of temperature. Furthermore, it will be seen that the construction described provides for the heating of a large volume of fresh air instead of a relatively small quantity of intensely-heated air, the advantage of which is that the larger volume carries with it enough moisture to cause an equal humidity between the inner and outer air, thus rendering it unnecessary to increase the humidity of the inner air by the use of humidifiers, as is customaryin incubators of that character in which a small volume of highly-heated air is supplied to the egg-chamber.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, it is thought that the construction, operation, and advantages of my improved heating and ventilating system for incubators will be readily apparent without requiring a more extended explanation.

Various changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the principle or sacrificing any of the advantages of this invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. An incubator having an egg-chamber and a superposed warm-'air-receiving chamber and provided in its bottom with an outlet for the discharge of the vitiated air, a diaphragm separating said chambers and pro vided at or near the corners thereof with ports or passages, and means for supplying heated air to the central portion of, the warm air chamber, whereby the air is caused to pass downward into the egg-chamber, first into the corners of said chamber and then toward the center thereof and to discharge to the atmosphere through the discharge-passage in the bottom of said chamber, substantially as described.

2. An incubator having an egg-chamber provided in its bottom with a discharge-port for the vitiated air, a superposed heatingchamber, a partition forming the floor of the heating-chamber and having a central opening, a diaphragm arranged below said partition and provided at or near its corners with ports or passages for the circulation of the warm air into the corners of the eg -chamber below, and means for supplying heated air to the heating-chamber, substantially as specified.

3. An incubator having an egg-chamber provided in its bottom with a central discharge-port for the vitiated air, a superposed heating-chamber, a partition forming the bottom of the heating-chamber and provided with a central port or passage, a drum arranged above said port or passage and in communication therewith, a diaphragm located below the partition and provided at or near its corners with passages for the flow of heated air into the corners of the egg-chamber, and means for supplying heated air to said drum, substantially as set forth.

4. In an incubator, the combination with an eg -chamber; of means for supplying heated air from above to the corners of said chamber and causing'the same to circulate toward the center of said chamber, and means for discharging the vitiated air from the central portion of the egg-chamber, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In an incubator, the combination with an incubator-chamber and a pipe for supplying heated air thereto; of a lamp, and a heatingdrum comprising an outer casing, an inner drum, a double drum arranged within the inner drum and having a central passage for the products of combustion from the lamp, and a surrounding passage, the air-passage being in communication with the said conducting-pipe, and the said inner drum and outer casing being provided respectively with ports at top and bottom for the circulation and discharge of the products of combustion, substantially as described.

6. In aniucubator, the combination with an egg-chamber, and means for supplying heated air, including a conducting-pipe; of a lamp, and a drum heated fromthe lamp and comprising an outer shell, .a flaring inner shell, said outer and inner shells being provided at their upper and lower ends with ports for the circulation and discharge of the products of combustion, and a double drum arranged Within the inner shell and forming a central flue in communication at the top with the in- GEORGE R. ADAMS,

Witnesses: I

J. W. HORRIE, H. W. GAsKILL. 

